Nội dung ôn tập Tiếng Anh Lớp 11 (hệ 10 năm) - Chủ đề: Mệnh đề quan hệ

TOPIC: RELATIVE CLAUSES ( SESSION 1) 
(MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ)
PART 1: RELATIVE PRONOUNS 
* Relative clause cịn được gọi là Adjective clause (mệnh đề tính ngữ) vì nĩ là một mệnh đề phụ được dùng bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước nĩ (tiền ngữ)
* Relative clauses được nối với mệnh đề chính bởi các đại từ quan hệ WHO, WHOM, WHICH, WHO, THAT hoặc các trạng từ quan hệ WHEN, WHERE, WHY.
* Vị trí: Relatives clauses đứng ngay sau danh từ mà nĩ bổ nghĩa.
I. Cách dùng các đại từ quan hệ (Relative Pronouns) và trạng từ quan hệ (Relative Adverbs):
1. WHO: 
- WHO là 1 đại từ quan hệ chỉ người.
- WHO đứng sau một tiền ngữ chỉ người và làm chủ từ cho động từ theo sau.
Ex: 	The man who is standing over there is Mr. Pike.
 relative clause
2. WHOM: 
- WHOM là 1 đại từ quan hệ chỉ người.
- WHOM đứng sau một tiền ngữ chỉ người và làm túc từ cho động từ theo sau.
Ex: 	The woman whom you saw yesterday is my aunt.
- WHOM cĩ thể lược bỏ.
Ex:	 The woman you saw yesterday is my aunt.
3. WHICH:
- WHICH là 1 đại từ quan hệ chỉ vật.
- WHICH đứng sau một tiền ngữ chỉ vật và làm chủ từ hoặc túc từ cho động từ theo sau.
Ex: 	The cat which is yellow is mine.
This is the book which I like best.
- Cĩ thể lược bỏ WHICH khi nĩ làm túc từ cho động từ theo sau.
Ex: 	This is the book I like best.
* WHICH cĩ thể theo sau một mệnh đề.
Ex: 	He’s always late for work, which annoys his boss a lot.
4. THAT:
- THAT là một đại từ quan hệ chỉ cả người lẫn vật.
- THAT cĩ thay thế cho WHO, WHOM, WHICH trong mệnh đề hạn định. (Restrictive clauses)
Ex: 	That is the bicycle which/ that belongs to Tom.
My father is the person whom/ that I admire most.
The man who/ that is standing over there is Mr. Pike.
5. WHOSE:
- WHOSE đứng sau một tiền ngữ chỉ người và thay thế cho tính từ sở hữu trước danh từ
- WHOSE luơn đi kèm với một danh từ.
Ex: 	The boy whose bicycle I borrowed yesterday is Tom.
John found a cat whose leg was broken.
PART 2: RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ 
Ta có 3 kiểu rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ như sau:
 a. Đối với mệnh đề ở cấu trúc chủ động, ta bỏ đại từ quan hệ, biến động từ chính thành V-ING
Ex: The man who came here yesterday is my teacher.
 The man coming here yesterday is my teacher.
b. Đối với mệnh đề ở cấu trúc bị động, ta bỏ đại từ quan hệ và động từ TO BE, giữ lại V3/ED
Ex: The cakes which were made by my mother were delicious.
	The cakes made by my mother were delicious.
c. Đối với trường hợp danh từ đứng trước có các từ chỉ thứ tự : THE FIRST, THE LAST, THE SECOND,  hoặc những mệnh đề mang ý nghĩa chỉ 1mục đích nào đó, ta bỏ đại từ quan hệ, biến động từ chính thành TO - INFINITIVE
Ex: She was the last person that left the room.
 She was the last person to leave the room.
 I have some exercises that I must do today.
 I have some exercises to do today.
PRACTICE EXERCISE 1: Fill in the blanks with WHO, WHOM, WHICH, THAT, or
 WHOSE.
An architect is someone ...................................designs building.
The movies .................................... we saw this summer were all good.
She is one of the workers ........................................went on strike.
This is the report .................................the president wanted.
Is this the program ...................................you always watch on TV?
The alarm .....................................you broke is my brother’s.
The girls .................................are in my class are good students.
Do you know the American woman ............................name is Margaret Mitchell?
Children enjoy reading the books .......................................have coloured pictures.
She always asks me questions .....................................difficult to answer.
I met a woman ...................................can speak 6 languages.
Have you seen the money ..................................was on the table?
Everybody ...............................went to the party enjoyed it very much.
I don’t like people ....................................never stop talking.
This tree, .............................branches are dry, should be cut down.
I have a friend .....................................is very good at repairing cars.
What is the name of the river ......................................goes through the town?
They are going to buy a new machine ..can help them to produce more products. 
The boy  mother is my teacher is a talent in Music. 
 The children like the teacher ..taught them last year. 
 There are eighteen different kinds of penguins ______ live south of the equator.
 Thank you very much for the present ______ you sent me.
 This is Mrs. Jones, ______ son won the championship last year.
 A man bought in a little girl, ______ hand was cut by flying glass.
 Mary, ______ Mom didn’t turn up, got lost in the crowd. 
 The chair in _____ I was sitting suddenly collapsed.
 The man _______ I was waiting for didn’t turn up.
Let me see all the letters _______ you have written.
 Is there anyone________ can help me do this?
 Mr. Brown, _________ is only 34, is the director of this company.
 It was the nurse ________ told me to come in.
 It is easy to find faults in people ________ we dislike.
 The really happy people are people _______ enjoy their daily work.
 The table ________ in the sitting room is nice. 
 The computer _______ you have just bought is black. 
 Can you tell me some information ______ you got from the morning post. 
 The boy _________ I met at the party last night was helpful. 
 They make some cakes ________ look really nice and delicious.
Tell me the story _______ you have been told by Mary. 
 I couldn’t believe the news _______ he told me. 
PRACTICE EXERCISE 2: Rewrite these sentences, Change the Relative Clauses into Relative Phrases by using VING, VED/V3, or TO-V
1.Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon 
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2.I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country.
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3.The children who attended that school receive a good education. 
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4.The scientists who have researched the causes of cancer are making progress. 
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5.They live in a house that was built near the coast. 
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6.We have an apartment which overlooks the park. 
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7.Yuri Gagarin became the first man who flew into space. 
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8.We stood on the bridge which connects the two halves of the building. 
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9.I come from a city which is located in the southern part of the country
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10.The vegetables which are sold in this supermarket are grown without chemicals. 
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11.Do you know the woman who is coming toward us ?
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12.The people who was waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet. 
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13.I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country.
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14.They live in a house that was built in 
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15.He was the first man who left the burning building. 
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16.The couple who live in the house next door are both college professors 
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17.The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet. 
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18.The students who did not come to the class yesterday explain their absence to the teacher. 
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19.Did you get the message which concerned the special meeting ?
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20.Lan is the second student who entered the classroom this morning. 
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21.The psychologists who study the nature of sleep have made important discoveries. 
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22.He was the only man who reached the top. 
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23.He is always the first who comes and the last who goes. 
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24.People who listen to very loud music may suffer gradual hearing loss. 
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25.He was the second man who was saved in the fire. 
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26.I haven’t got anything that I could open a bottle of wine with. 
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27.The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship which has been built on the island. 
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28.The fifth man who was interviewed was completely unsuitable. 
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29.This is the third who is late for the meeting today. 
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30.Am I the next person who joins the interview ?
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