Đề cương ôn tập Tiếng Anh cơ bản Lớp 10 - Bài 9: Protecting the environment

TRƯỜNG THPT AN KHÁNH
TỔ NGOẠI NGỮ
ĐỀ CƯƠNG ƠN TẬP Ở NHÀ - BÀI 9
NĂM HỌC 2019 - 2020
MƠN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 10 CƠ BẢN
Name: 	
Class: 10	
I. PHONETICS:	
Pronunciation: /ɪə/ - /eǝ/ - /ʊǝ/
Stress: two-syllable and three syllable words
II. LEXIS:
A. Collocations, Synonyms, Antonyms and explanations:
at stake (exp)
[steik]
bị đe dọa
at risk (exp)
= in danger
[risk]
đang gặp nguy hiểm
divide (v)
be divided into:
di'vaid]
chia
được chia thành
fall into (v) 
= be divided into
[fɔ:l]
được chia thành
close down (v)
[klǝus daun]
đĩng cửa(ngừng sx)
accidental (adj)
= unexpected
[,ỉksi'dentl]
tình cờ
live on (v)
[liv]
sống nhờ vào
tiny (adj)
= extremely small
['taini]
rất nhỏ
take measures (v)
['mezǝ]
 áp dụng biện pháp
sparingly (adv)
≠ plentiful
['speǝriŋli]
một cách tiết kiệm
give birth to (exp)
[giv bǝ:θ]
sinh con
Vocabulary:
major (adj)
['meidzǝ]
chính yếu
marine (adj)
[mǝ'ri:n]
(thuộc) biển
analyse (v)
['ỉnǝlaiz]
phân tích
starfish (n)
['stɑ:fi∫]
sao biển
balanced (adj)
['bỉlǝnst]
cân bằng
organism (n)
['ɔ:gǝnizǝm]
sinh vật
beneath (prep)
[bi'ni:θ]
bên dưới
overcome (v)
[,ǝuvǝ'kʌm]
vượt qua
biodiversity (n)
 [‘baiou dai'vǝ:sǝti]
đa dạng sinh học
oversized (adj) 
['ǝuvǝsaizd]
quá cỡ
bottom (n)
['bɔtǝm]
đáy (biển)
percentage (n)
[pǝ'sentidz]
tỉ lệ phần trăm
challenge (v/n)
['t∫ỉlindz]
(sự)thử thách
precious (adj)
['pre∫ǝs]
quý, hiếm
cover (v)
['kʌvǝ]
bao phủ
provide (v)
[prǝ'vaid]
cung cấp
gestation period (n)
 [dzes'tei∫n 'piǝriǝd]
thời kỳ thai nghén
sample (n)
['sɑ:mpl] ['sỉmpl]
mẫu vật
depth (n)
[depθ]
độ sâu
satellite (n)
['sỉtǝlait]
vệ tinh
device (n)
[di'vais]
thiết bị
seabed (n)
[si: bed]
đáy biển
three-quarters
['θri:'kwɔ:tǝ]
ba phần tư
submarine (n)
[,sʌbmǝ'ri:n] 
tàu ngầm
extremely (adv)
[iks'tri:mli]
cực kỳ, rất
temperature (n)
['temprǝt∫ǝ] 
nhiệt độ
commission (n)
[kǝ'mi∫n]
ủy ban
tanker (n)
['tỉŋkǝ]
tàu chở dầu
jellyfish (n)
['dzelifi∫]
con sứa
threaten (v)
['θretn]
đe dọa
spill (v)
[spil]
làm tràn, đổ
decrease (n/v)
['di:kri:s]
(sự) giảm bớt
butt (n) 
[bʌt]
mẩu thuốc lá(cịn lại)
feeding ground (n)
['fi:diŋgraund]
nơi cung cấp thức ăn
mammal (n)
['mỉml]
động vật cĩ vú
increase (n/v)
['inkri:s]
(sự) gia tăng
consequence (n)
['kỴnsikwǝns]
hậu quả
length (n)
[leŋθ]
chiều dài
responsibly (adv)
[ris'pɔnsǝbl]
một cách hợp lý
harm (v)
[hɑ:m]
gây hại
carnivore (n)
['kɑ:nivɔ:]
động vật ăn thịt
limit (v)
['limit]
cĩ giới hạn
explosive (n)
[iks'plǝusiv]
chất nổ
weight (n)
['weit]
trọng lượng
fertilizer (n)
['fǝ:tǝlaizǝ (r)]
phân bĩn
whaling (n)
['weiliŋ]
việc săn cá voi
diet (n)
['daiǝt]
thức ăn hàng ngày
brain (n)
[brein]
bộ não
herbicide (n)
['hǝ:bisaid]
thuốc diệt cỏ
calf (n)
[kɑ:f]
Con bê
pesticide (n)
['pestisaid]
thuốc trừ sâu
endanger (v)
[in'deindzǝ]
gây nguy hiểm
release (v)
[ri'li:s]
thả
entrapment (n)
[in'trỉpmǝnt]
sự mắc bay
plastic (adj)
['plỉstik]
làm bằng chất dẻo 
current (n)
['kʌrǝnt]
dịng chảy
seafood (n)
['si:fud]
hải sản
life span (n)
[laifspỉn]
quãng đời
solution (n)
[sǝ'lu:∫n]
giải pháp
offspring (n)
['ɔ:fspriŋ]
con cái
squid (n)
[skwid]
con mực
range (n)
[reindz]
khu vực sống
B. Word form:
discovery (n)
discover (v)
[dis'kʌvǝri]
[dis'kʌvǝ]
khám phá
mysterious (adj)
mystery (n)
[mis'tiǝriǝs]
['mistǝri]
bí ẩn
điều bí ẩn
investigate (v)
investigation (n)
[in'vestigeit]
[in,vesti'gei∫n]
điều tra
sự điều tra
migrate (v)
migration (n)
[mai'greit]
[mai'grei∫n]
di cư
sự di trú
maintain (v)
maintenance (n)
[mein'tein]
['meintinǝns]
duy trì
sự duy trì
conservation (n)
conserve (v)
[,kɔnsǝ:'vei∫n]
[kǝn'sǝ:v]
sự bảo tồn
bảo tồn
III. GRAMMAR:
1. Should / Shouldn’t:
- Form:
S +
should
+ Vo
Ex: What should you do if the class is dirty?
à We should pick up the garbage.
(= I think we should pick up the garbage.)
à We shouldn’t litter the garbage.
(= I don’t think we should litter the garbage.)
shouldn’t
- Meaning: nên/ khơng nên
- Use: “should” / “shouldn’t” is used to give advice / an idea.
2. Conditional sentence type 2:
- Form:
If + S + V2/ed ., S + would / could + Vo .
 (be à were)
- Use: Diễn tả điều kiện hay giả thuyết khơng thật ở hiện tại.
Ex: - If he had much time, he would help you. (He doesn’t have much time now)
 - If I were in your position, I could do that. (I am not in your position now)
* Notes:
- Mệnh đề IF (If clause) và mệnh đề chính (main clause) cĩ thể dổi chỗ cho nhau. Nếu mệnh đề IF đứng trước thì giữa hai mệnh đề phải cách nhau bằng dấu phẩy. 
- Dùng WERE cho tất cả các ngơi trong mệnh đề IF. 
- Ta cĩ thể dùng Unless hoặc Without thay cho IF, nhớ rằng Unless = If  not và Without + N/ N phrase.
- Ta cĩ thể đảo ngữ ở điều kiện loại 2 khi mệnh đề IF cĩ WERE: 
	Ex: Were I in your position, I could do that. 
IV. COMMUNICATIVE FUNCTIONS:
	* Talking about causes and consequences
	* Offering solutions
V. ERROR RECOGNITION:
	* Should / shouldn’t
	* If clause type 2
	* Verb form
VI. READING:
Reading comprehension (topic: Undersea World)
REVIEW - UNIT 9: UNDERSEA WORLD
Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest. 
1. A. bear	B. clear	C. dear	D. year
2. A. near	B. here	C. ear	D. meat
3. A. tour	B. poor	C. actual	D. thought
4. A. where	B. share	C. wear	D. fear
Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest. 
5. A. migrate	B. marine	C. challenge	D. device
6. A. carnivore 	B. entrapment 	C. technology	 	D. Atlantic
7. A. mystery	B. understand	C. overcome	D. submarine
8. A. undersea	B. attitude	C. various	D. exhausted
Choose one word or phrase - A, B, C or D - that best completes the sentence or substitutes for the underlined word or phrase. 
9. ______ is the variety of different types of plant and animal life in a particular region. 
A. Interaction	B. Herbicide	C. Environment	D. Biodiversity
10. Sperm whales are ______, which means they eat meat. 
A. herbivores	B. carnivores	C. omnivores	D. mammals
11. Some tiny organisms are ______ along by the currents. 
A. carried	B. taken	C. flowed	D. moved
12. There is only one ocean. It is divided ______ five different parts: the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Antartic, and Arctic Oceans. 
A. between	B. into	C. among	D. for
13. Sperm whale populations are at risk due to hunting. 
A. in extinction	B. in danger	C. on the decrease 	D. in fewness
14. How many offspring does a sperm whale usually have?
A. eggs	B. mammals	C. babies	D. diets
15. The floor was covered in tiny pieces of paper. 
A. unimportant	B. many	C. very large	D. extremely small
16. We had an accidental meeting with an old friend at the party last night. 
	A. unpleasant	B. unexpected	C. unlucky	D. unacceptable
17. Unless the biodiversity were ______ marine life would be at stake. 
A. maintain	B. maintained	C. maintenance	D. maintaining
18. Scientists have made many important new ______ of the depth by using modern devices. 
A. discoveries	B. discovering	C. discovery	D. discovered
Choose one word or phrase - A, B, C or D - that best completes the sentence. 
19. You've been coughing a lot lately. You ______ smoke so much. 
A. shouldn't 	B. can't 	C. should D. can
20. You ______ Mark. You know it’s a secret. 
A. should tell	B. shouldn’t tell	C. couldn’t tell 	D. might tell
21. Tom really ______ go out. He has too much homework to do. 
A. can't	B. shouldn't	C. would	 	D. should
22. That dress doesn’t suit you, you ______ buy another. 
A. should	B. would	C. have to	D. has to
23. We wondered why ______ a tip
A. to leave	B. should we leave	C. we should leave	D. don’t we leave
24. I'm not an astronaut. If I ______ an astronaut, I ______ my camera with me on the rocket ship. 
	A. am/ will take	B. were/ would take	C. were/ had taken	D. was/ would have taken
25. That sounds like a good offer. I ______ it if I ______ you. 
	A. had accepted/ were	B. will accept/ am	C. would accept/ were	D. accepted / were
26. Sea water is salty. If the oceans ______ of fresh water, there ______ plenty of water to irrigate all of the deserts in the world. 
	A. consisted/ would be	B. consisted/ were	C. would consist/ could be	D. consist/ will be
27. What would Tom do if he ______ the truth?
A. would know	B. has know	C. knows	D. knew
28. ______ you, I would think twice about that decision. It could be a bad move. 
A. If I am	B. Should I be	C. Were I	D. If I had been
29. If it rained heavily, the fields ______ flooded. 
A. will be	B. had been	C. would be	D. can be
30. If I weren't working for an accounting firm, I ______ in a bank. 
A. work	B. will work	C. have worked 	D. would be working
31. If I ______ wings, I ______ take an airplane to fly home. 
	A. have/ won't have to	B. had/ wouldn't have	C. have/ will have to	D. had/ didn't have to
32. If I knew your address, I ______ you a post card. 	
A. would sent	B. would send	C. send	D. sent
33. You wouldn’t become ill __________ you stopped working so hard. 
A. until	B. unless	C. if	D. when
34. If you exercised more, you ______ feel better. 
A. don’t	B. didn’t 	C. will	 	D. would
Choose the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions. 
35. Nigel hasn't got satellite TV, so he can't watch the game. 
	A. If Nigel has satellite-TV, he can watch the game. 
B. If Nigel has got satellite TV, he would able to watch the game. 
C. If Nigel had satellite TV, he could watch the game. 
D. If Nigel would have satellite TV, he could watch the game. 
36. You can't travel on this train unless you have a reservation. 
	A. If you have a reservation. you can't travel on this train. 
	B. If you don't have a reservation, you can't travel on this train. 
	C. If you don't have a reservation, you can travel on this train. 
	D. If you won't have a reservation, you can't travel on this train. 
37. Throw a stone into water and it sinks. 
	A. If you threw a stone into water, it would sink. 
	B. If a stone is thrown into water, it may sink. 
	C. If you will throw a stone into water, it sinks. 
	D. If you throw a stone into water, it sinks. 
Choose the option that best completes each of the following exchanges. 
38. Jenny: “Tony and I are going to get married, Mom?”
	Her mother: “________ because you are only sixteen.”
 	A. Oh! That’s a good news	B. I think you should wait 
	C. I think you are very young	D. I don’t think you should wait
39. Peter feels upset because he has a problem with his money. 
Peter: “I've lost my cheque book and credit cards.”	- You: “________”
A. I think you should tell your bank. 	B. Oh, I’m sorry to hear that. 
C. I think you shouldn’t tell your bank. 	D. Tell your bank. 
Identify the one underlined word or phrase - A, B, C or D - that must be changed for the sentence to be correct. 
40. You 
can't 
go 
into 
the reception 
if 
you've got 
a ticket. 
A
B
C
D
41. I 
think 
you 
shouldn't 
do if it's 
the right 
thing 
to do. 
A
B
C
D
42. Unless 
we 
work harder, we 
will 
finish 
on 
time. 
A
B
C
D
43. He 
left 
her house 
in a hurry 
without 
to say 
goodbye 
to us. 
A
B
C
D
44. 
If 
I had 
money, 
I 
will 
buy 
a 
car. 
A
B
C
D
Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answer – A, B, C, or D. 
Most people are afraid of sharks, but they usually do not know much about them. For example, there are about 350 species of sharks that live in oceans over the world. All of the sharks are carnivores, but most of them don’t attack people. Some sharks are very small – the smallest shark is about 6 inches long – about as long as your hand. But some sharks are very large. The largest species of sharks may be 60 feet long and weigh 15 tons. Unlike many other kinds of fish, sharks do not have bone. Their bodies are made up of a kind of tough white flexible material (called cartilage). Sharks do not have ears. However, they ‘hear’ sounds and movements in the wade. Any sound or movement makes the water vibrates. Sharks can feel these vibrations. And they help the sharks find food. Sharks use their large eyes to find food, too. Most sharks see best in low light. They often hunt for food at dawn, in the evening, or in the middle of the night. 
Nowadays scientists want to learn more about sharks for several reasons. For example, cancer is common in many animals, including people. However, it is rare in sharks. Scientists want to find out why sharks almost never get cancer. Maybe this information can help people prevent cancer too. 
45. According to the passage, sharks ________.
	A. are big mammals. 	B. usually live in warm water. 
	C. are meat eaters. 	 	D. always attack humans. 
46. How long is a smallest shark?
	A. About 6 centimeters	B. As long as a hand	
	C. As one’s long hand	D. About 1, 5 meters
47. The word ‘they’ in line 8 refers to ________.
	A. sharks	B. sounds	C. vibrations	D. movements
48. Sharks can hunt for food at night because ________.	
	A. they ‘hear’ more clearly at night. 	B. their eyes are large. 
	C. they feel vibrations in the water. 	D. they see well in the dark. 
49. Which of the following is not true?
	A. Large sharks can weigh up to 15, 000 kg. 	B. Sharks’ bodies are made up of cartilage. 
	C. Sharks can find their food by feeling vibrations. 	D. Sharks often attack people. 
50. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ________.
	A. sharks are being studied. 
	B. the cancer risk among animals is found to be higher. 
	C. scientists are given permission to catch sharks for their studies. 
	D. information about sharks help people cure cancer. 
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