Đề cương ôn tập Học kì II môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 (hệ 10 năm) năm học 2019- 2020

ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP HỌC KỲ II NĂM HỌC 2019-2020
MÔN TIẾNG ANH 12 (HỆ 10 NĂM)
Part I. PHONETICS 
Exercise 1. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions. 
1. A. endangered 	B. gorilla	C. global	D. dragon 
2. A. change 	B. poaching 	C. chemical	D. achievement 
3. A. application 	B. combustion 	C. navigation	D. recognition 
4. A. computer	B. communication 	C. command	D. complicated 
5. A. organized 	B. prioritize	C. important	D. opportunity 
6. A. competitive 	B. entrepreneur 	C. apprenticeship 	D. conscientious 
7. A. pension	B. commission	C. passion 	D. decision 
8. A. shortlist	B. temporary	C. afford	D. accordingly
9. A. tedious	B. secure	C. temporary 	D. rewarding 
10. A. enthusiastic 	B. smooth	C. southern 	D. trustworthy 
Exercise 2. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions. 
1. A. visit	B. extinct 	C. survive	D. evolve 
2. A. dangerous 	B. survivor 	C. habitat	D. vulnerable 
3. A. machine 	B. robot	C. human	D. fiction 
4. A. applicable 	B. automation 	C. artificial	D. evolution 
5. A. organization 	B. enthusiastic 	C. compassionate 	D. qualification 
6. A. encourage 	B. interview	C. graduate	D. organize 
7. A. workforce 	B. high-flyer 	C. handshake	D. headhunt 
8. A. commuter	B. commitment 	C. employee 	D. attendant
9. A. rewarding	B. fascinating 	C. tedious 	D. challenging 
10. A. prospect	B. reference 	C. promoted 	D. interview 
II. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR
Exercise 3. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 
1. All types of dinosaurs went extinct long time ago. 
A. thrived 	B. boomed 	C. survived	D. died out 
2. We need to prepare for our biology assignment about endangered plant species.
A. harmless 	B. dangerous 	C. likely to go extinct 	D. harmful 
3. These animals are quite vulnerable when living near the industrial zone. 
A. calm 	B. easily hurt 	C. safe 	D. relaxed 
4. Every year, in Africa a lot of elephants are poached for tusks. 
A. illegally hunted	B. gently cooked	C. boiled 	D. stewed
5. More complex animals gradually evolved from these very simple creatures. 
A. resolved	B. involved 	C. revolted	D. developed 
6. Internet search engines can help to predict the weather as well as traffic jams in a city.
A. announce 	B. expect	C. forecast	D. reveal 
7. Ray Kurzweil suggests that exponential technological development will lead to the inevitable rise of artificial intelligence.
A. inapplicable 	B. unavoidable 	C. unrecognizable 	D. invisible 
8. Advanced technologies may make humanity insignificant both in life and work.
A. Future 	B. Radical 	C. Sophisticated 	D. Unconventional 
9. A.I. techniques help medical doctors to discover subtle interactions between medications that put patience in jeopardy because of their serious side effect.
A. at risk 	B. in reality 	C. under control 	D. under pressure 
10. A.I. algorithms can also help to detect faces and other features in photo sent to social networking sites and automatically organize them. 
A. categorize 	B. connect 	C. recognize 	D. remind
11. My work is challenging, of course, because it involves both a sales function and a technique function.
A. fascinating 	B. rewarding 	C. stimulating 	D. demanding 
12. She's doing well so she was promoted last year. Now she's in charge of a small team of four people.
A. controls 	B. supervises 	C. takes over 	D. rules 
13. Somebody looks at the detailed specification for the installation and then another colleague researches the cost of the labor and materials. 
A. co-worker 	B. employee 	C. staff	D. supervisor 
14. As he lived in a small town outside the city, he had to commute every day. 
A. take a bus to work	B. drive to work 	C. take a lift to work D. travel a long way to and from work 
15. The atmosphere at work was so bad that Brian eventually decided to hand in his notice. 
A. notify the boss	B. apply for another job	C. give up his job	D. be given a better job 
16. My boss has a reputation for being such a slave-driver! 
A. working overtime	B. working excessively hard C. being slave to work D. making his staff work too hard 
17. There are excellent prospects for promotion, and you'll know you're doing something to benefit society. 
A. opportunities 	B. likelihoods 	C. futures	D. potentials 
18. We want to recruit the brightest and the best. If you think you fit the bill, fill in an application form today. 
A. are able to pay the bill B. are suitable 	C. are of the right size	D. are excellent 
19. I am available for an interview all afternoons, except on Tuesday because I am doing a computer course to improve my typing skills. 
A. willing 	B. free	C. impatient 	D. longing 
20. Finally, Amy decided to quit her job as she couldn't stand doing the same things days in days out. It's so monotonous!
A. easy 	B. low-paid 	C. tedious 	D. secure 
Exercise 4. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
1. High intelligent machines can be automated to operate without human ____.
A. intervene 	B. intervening 	C. intervention	D. interventionist 
2. The old astronomer patiently made his ____ and wrote down what he saw. 
A. observation 	B. observatory 	C. observe	D. observer 
3. One of the popular ____ used in smartphones at present is voice recognition.
A. applicant 	B. applicable 	C. applications 	D. apply 
4. If there are aliens out there, do you think they are much more ____ advanced than we are? 
A. technological 	B. technologically 	C. technology	D. technologies 
5. ____ have announced that a major breakthrough has been made. 
A. Research 	B. Researchers 	C. Researches	D. Researching 
6. I wish you would ____ the TV and go outside and get some exercise. 
A. call off 	B. give off 	C. put off	D. turn off 
7. Scientists are trying to ____ out the ways to reduce pollution from aircraft. 
A. break 	B. call 	C. turn	D. work
8. I'll ____ you ____ to our research department. Please hold on.
A. put - away 	B. put - out 	C. put - through 	D. put - up 
9. No wonder the vacuum cleaner isn't working. You haven't ____ it ____.
A. brought - in 	B. given - in 	C.plugged - in 	D. pulled - in 
10. Whoever ____ up with that idea should have won the Nobel Prize. 
A. came 	B. caught 	C. kept	D. put 
11. He has all the right ____ for the job. 
A. certificates 	B. degrees 	C. diplomas 	D. qualifications 
12. Before we apply for any jobs, we need to prepare a good CV and a ____ very carefully. 
A. resume 	B. job interview 	C. covering letter	D. reference 
13. Employers always want job ____ to be able to demonstrate their skills and qualities. 
A. employees 	B. workers 	C. staff	D. applicants 
14. There are usually a lot of job seekers applying for one position. Only a few of them are ____ for an interview. 
A. shortlisted 	B. listed	C. screened	D. tested 
15. My application was not successful; there were more than 4,000 applicants and only 20 were selected. I realized that apprenticeship were very ____.
A. demanding 	B. crowding	 C. competitive 	D. difficult
16. Shelley disagreed with the board's decision so she ____ and went to work for another company. 
A. retired 	B. fired	C. sacked 	D. resigned
17. Being a flight attendant is a ____ job. You may have to work long hours on long haul flights and not get enough sleep.
A. tedious 	B. demanding 	C. rewarding 	D. fascinating
18. I think that doing medical research would be really ____ because this job would save people's lives.
A. challenging 	B. tiresome	C. rewarding	D. monotonous 
19. I am writing in ____ to your advertisement on Vietnamework.com for the post of a personal assistant.
A. connection 	B. association 	C. relation 	D . response 
20. Some people ____ to London every day from as far away as Leeds. 
A. connect 	B. commute 	C. commence 	D. correspond 
Exercise 5. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
1. Rare animal extinction is one of the ______ things that could have happened. 
A. good	B. best 	C. worse	D. worst 
2. We need to do this ____ than we are at the moment. 
A. quickly 	B. the quickest 	C. more quickly 	D. most quickly 
3. Mary speaks English better than her sister ____.
A. is 	B. Ø	C. has	D. can 
4. Looking after a kitten is ____ more difficult than I thought it would be. 
A. far 	B. farther 	C. further	D. father 
5. Living in a big city isn't ____ interesting as I thought it would be. 
A. less 	B. most 	C. more	D. as 
6. I hope I ____ before I'm thirty. 
A. win a lot of prizes	B. will win a lot of prizes C. will have won a lot of prizes 	D. have won a lot of prizes 
7. Maybe I ____ famous by the age of thirty-five. 
A. become 	B. have become 	C. will become 	D. will have become 
8. I hope I ____ millions of dollars from my business by the age of forty. 
A. make	B. will make 	C. have made 	D. will have made 
9. At ten o'clock, I ____ my mathematics homework for three hours. 
A. will be doing	B. will have been doing 	C. have done	D. do 
10. We probably ____ by the time you get home. 
A. don't leave 	B. won't leave 	C. won't have left 	D. haven't left
11. Drivers or pilots ____ the best routes to the destination quickly and effectively. 
A. have the GPS found B. use the GPS to find C. get the GPS find	D. get the GPS found 
12. My sister ____ her laptop serviced last weekend. 
A. did 	B. got 	C. made	D. took 
13. You should ____ a professional to check your house for earthquake damage. 
A. have 	B. get 	C. make	D. take 
14. We ____ a cable TV put in this week. 
A. are having 	B. get	C. have	D. have got
15. The dishwasher isn't working again, so my mother is thinking of having ____.
A. it repaired 	B. it repairing 	C. repaired it 	D . repairing it 
16. The shop assistant finally agreed ____ a full refund. 
A. giving me 	B. to give me 	C. give to me 	D. to me to give 
17. Bill asked me why ____ to go shopping with me. 
A. I hadn't invited him	B. hadn't I invited him	C. I hadn't him invited	D. hadn't I him invited 
18. "Don't come to the interview late," my mom said.
A. My mom told me do not come to the interview late. B. My mom told me did not come to the interview late. 
C. My mom told me not to come to the interview late. D. My mom told me not coming to the interview late. 
19. "I will help you with your CV, Mary," Peter said.
A. Peter advised Mary to write the CV. 	B. Peter promised to help Mary with her CV. 
C. Peter advised Mary not to write her CV. 	D. Peter wanted Mary to help with the CV.
20. “____,” the doctor advised his patient. 
A. You had better stop drinking 	B. You had better to drink 
C. I would like you to drink	D. Please drink some more 
Exercise 6. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions. 
1. As soon as we will arrive, we will unpack the car. 
 A B C D
2. By this time next week, I am lying on a beach on the Bahamas.
 A B C D
3. Thanks to the first lawn mower which was invented in 1830, we don't have to pay for someone to have our 
 	 A B C 
grass to be cut any more.
 D
4. According to the futurist Ray Kurzweil, humans could have tiny computerized machines or nanobots invent 
 	A B C 
thanks to future medical advances.
 D
5. In his Aston Martin DB5 car, Bond can have the photos being printed out along with the information about 
 A 	B 	C D
6. She refused to tell me what was the director's salary was because that information was confidential.
 A B 	 C D
7. You had better learning a foreign language before applying for a job.
 A B C 	 D
8. It would have been better if you wouldn't have taken a year out in the first place. 
 A B C D
9. Although her friends tried to persuade her to apply for the job at a local factory, but Christine refused to 
 A B C D
make an application. 
10. If Mariana been able to complete her thesis instead of returning to work, she would have graduated a year 
 A B C D
ago.
III. SPEAKING EXPRESSION
Exercise 7. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct response to each of the following exchanges. Two friends Nam and Lan are talking about the topic of endangered species. 
1. Nam: Would you like to join my wildlife protection team?
 Lan: ____
A. Yes, I like working for this organization very much. 
B. Thank you. I've always wanted to do something to help. 
C. Where is it located?
D. There are so many wildlife protection teams. 
2. Lan: Can we meet this Sunday to discuss our plan for the wildlife protection project?
 Nam: ____
A. Yes, we did that.	B. Sunday is the weekend. C. Sunday suits me fine.	D. Sunday is a great day. 
3. A: Hello, is that Liz speaking?
 B: ____
A. Yes, who's that? I can hardly hear you. 	B. Hello, how are you? 
C. Hi, there. I'm Juliet.	D. You can leave a message, please. 
4. A: Hello, could I speak to Chris, please?
 B: ____
A. Sorry, he's not in B. Yes, you could.	C. Sure, go ahead.	D. Certainly I am. 
5. "Hello, may I speak to the manager please?" “____”
A. No, you may not.B. That's OK.	C. Hold on, please	D. You're welcome. 
6. “Hi, Chris. Good day at work?” “ ____”
A. Yeah, not bad, thanks.B. I'm fine, thanks. 	C. No, thanks.	D. I'm terribly sorry. 
7. "Your email was a bit of a shock: Rob trying to sell the coffee shop to Café Pronto. I couldn't believe it!” 
A. Me, too. 	B. So could I. 	C. I couldn't, too.	D. Me neither. 
8. "Why don't you wear trainers to work?" “____”
A. My boss doesn't want to.B. We aren't allowed to. C. We aren't let wear.	D. My boss makes me not to. 
9. “Would you mind telling me where he works?” “ ____”
A. Yes, I would.	B. Never mind.	C. No, of course not. D. Well, he works in a hospital. 
10. A: Do you mind if I make a phone call?	B: ____ 
A. Yes, certainly. The phone's in the hall. 	B. No, of course not. The phone's in the hall. 
C. I don't think so. It's so annoying.	D. Why not? I'm using my mobile phone. 
IV. READING
Exercise 11. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
MODERN SCIENCE
It seems entirely natural to us that there are teams of scientists in universities and (1) ____ institutions around the world, attempting to discover the way the world works. However, it hasn't always been that (2) ____. Although the scientific method is now four or five hundred years old, the ancient Greeks, for example, believed that they could work out the causes of natural events just by the power of thought.
During the 17th century, more and more people began to realize that they could (3) ____ their scientific ideas by designing a relevant experiment and seeing what happened. A lot of (4) ____ was made in this way by individual scientists. These men and women often worked alone, carrying out ) research into many different areas of science, and they often received very little reward for their hard work. (5) ____ the start of the 20th century, though, it became clear that science was becoming more complicated and more expensive. This individual scientist disappeared, to be replaced by highly qualified teams of experts. Modern science was born.
1. A. another 	B. every 	C. other 	D. whole
2. A. method 	B. route 	C. technique 	D. way
3. A. calculate	B. collect	C. measure	D. test
4. A. development 	B. evolution 	C. movement 	D. progress
5. A. At 	B. In 	C. On 	D. For
Exercise 12. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
In computer science, artificial intelligence (AI), sometimes called machine intelligence, is intelligence demonstrated by machines, in (1)______ to the natural intelligence displayed by humans. Leading AI textbooks define the field as the study of "intelligent agents": any device that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chance of successfully achieving its goals. Colloquially, the term "artificial intelligence" is often used to describe machines (or computers) (2)______ mimic "cognitive" functions that humans associate with the human mind, such as "learning" and "problem solving".
As machines become increasingly capable, tasks considered to require "intelligence" are often removed from the definition of AI, a phenomenon known as the AI effect. Modern machine capabilities generally classified as AI (3)______ successfully understanding human speech, competing at the highest level in strategic game systems, autonomously operating cars, intelligent routing in content delivery networks, and military simulations.
Artificial intelligence was founded as an academic discipline in 1955, and since then has (4)______ several waves of pessimism, followed by disappointment and the loss of funding (known as “AI winter”), followed by new approaches, success and renewed funding. For most of its history, AI research has been (5)______ into subfields that often fail to communicate with each other. These sub-fields are based on technical considerations, such as particular goals, the use of particular tools, or deep philosophical differences. Subfields have also been based on social factors (particular institutions or the work of particular researchers). 
1.	A. comparison	B. contrast 	C. regard	D. addition 
2.	A. whose	B. what	C. that	D. they 
3.	A. include 	B. consist 	C. exclude 	D. relate 
4.	A. identified	B. displayed	C. resurrected	D. experienced 
5.	A. fallen 	B. divided 	C. put	D. made
Exercise 13. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. 
The Sahara Desert is the world's largest hot desert. The Sahara is in North Africa and is as large as the United States. Many people think that an area like this has no animals or plant life, but they are incorrect. In fact, the Sahara Desert has many different 'ecoregions’. Each ecoregion has different plants and animals living there. The biggest ecoregion is called the 'Sahara Desert ecoregion.' In this area, the climate is extremely dry and extremely hot. The landscape is sandy and dusty with many high dunes. Because the Sahara Desert ecoregion is so hot and dry, there are very few plants and animals. Scientists estimate that there are only 500 species of plants. This is not very much when thinking of how enormous the region is. These plants include acacia trees, palms, spiny shrubs, and grasses. The Sahara is also home to 70 species of mammals. Twenty of these are large mammals. There are about 90 species of birds and around 100 reptiles. 
The biggest threat to plants and animals in this environment is drying up. Because of this, plants have the ability to recover their health after their leaves have dried out completely. Animals can lose 30-60% of their body mass and still survive. Most animals do not get their water from drinking like other ecosystems. Instead, they have adapted to get their water through metabolic processes. This is why they can survive in a place like the Sahara Desert ecosystem.
1. What is the text mostly about?
A. Location of the Sahara Desert. 	B. Hot weather of the Sahara Desert. 
C. How animals survive on this Desert.	D. The Sahara Desert and its ecosystem. 
2. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. The Sahara Desert has no animals or plants. 	B. It is the second largest desert. 
C. It is in North Africa.	D. It is in the United States. 
3. In paragraph 2, the word estimate is closest in meaning to ____.
A. confirm 	B. calculate 	C. formulate 	D. participate 
4. All of the following are true about the Sahara Desert EXCEPT ____.
A. there are about five hundred types of plants 	B. seventy species of mammals can be found there 
C. it is home to about ninety species of birds	D. Fewer than 100 reptiles are found there 
5. Why can animals and plants survive in the Sahara Desert?
A. They try to reduce the water intake. 	B. They get water from the irrigation system. 
C. They get water through metabolic process. 	D. They don't really need water for a long time.
Exercise 14. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. 
LINDA GREENLAW: SWORDFISH FISHERMAN
Not only does Linda Greenlaw do one of the most dangerous jobs in the world, but also does it extremely well. She has been described as ‘one of the best captains on the entire East Coast’ and that, in one of the leading countries in the fishing industry, is praise indeed. 
Linda was born and brought up on Isle au Haut, a tiny island ten kilometers off the coast of Maine, USA. She fell in love with fishing as a child, and she worked on fishing boats during her summer breaks from college. 
Her first opportunity to go on a deep-sea fishing trip came when she was nineteen. Alden Leeman, a man she'd never met before, hired her for thirty days on his sword-fishing boat. The trip was a success and eventually Alden offered Linda her first boat to captain in 1986, which probably made her the only woman ever to captain a sword-fishing boat.
So, why did she take up swordfishing in the first place? Linda says that not only does she like the way she feels on a boat, but she also gets passionate about catching a fish. More than anything, she's proud of being a fisherman, even more so than she is of being a best-selling author. 
Linda has published four books to date, the first of which, The Hungry Ocean, was top of the New York bestseller list for three months. In it, Linda tells the story of one fishing trip and narrates the adventures she experienced on board with her five-man crew, including bad weather, sickness, mechanical problems and, of course, the fish. 
But the world of fish and fishing is a man's world and it's not easy to find a word to describe Linda Greenlaw. In her own words, she says: 'I am a woman. I am a fisherman. I am not a "fisherwoman”, “fisherlady", or "fishergirl”.’
1. Linda is ____.
A. American 	B. British 	C. Canadian 	D. Greek 
2. Her first deep-sea fishing trip was ____.
A. when she was thirty B. when she was a child C. before she was twenty	D. in 1986 
3. Linda took up swordfishing because ____.
A. she needed to earn some money 	B. she wanted to become a best-selling author 
C. all her family are fishermen	D. she loves boats and catching fish 
4. On the boat described in The Hungry Ocean ____.
A. there were five people	B. there were six people 
C. there were four people	D. there were three people 
5. Linda prefers to be described as ____.
A. a fisherwoman	B. a fisherlady 	C. a fisherman	D. a fishergirl
Exercise 11. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions. 
1. Five islands of Indonesia are home to Komodo dragons.
A. Homes are built for Komodo dragons on five islands of Indonesia. 
B. Komodo dragons are the only living creatures on Indonesia's islands. 
C. Komodo dragons live on five islands of Indonesia. 
D. Komodo dragons prefer to live in hot countries like Indonesia.
2. Unless humans stop poaching, many rare animals will go extinct.
A. When humans stop poaching, many rare animals will become extinct. 
B. If people don't stop poaching, a lot of rare animals will become extinct. 
C. As soon as people stop poaching, a lot of rare animals will become extinct.
D. Provided that people stop poaching, many animals will become extinct. 
3. Why don't we get someone to fix our computer?
A. Fixing our computer is someone else's duty. 	B. Let's have someone to fix our computer. 
C. Someone will have our computer fixed.	D. Why don't we have our computer fixed? 
4. My car needed servicing, so I took it to a garage.
A. I took my car to a garage to have it serviced. 
B. I took my car, which needed to be servicing, to a garage. 
C. I had a garage get serviced my car.
D. My car was taken to a garage to have it serviced. 
5. Someone stole my dad's mobile phone last night.
A. My dad had his mobile phone stolen last night. 
B. My dad got someone steal his mobile phone last night. 
C. My dad asked someone to steal his mobile phone last night.
D. My dad was robbed of his mobile phone last night. 
6. The secretary said, "Sorry, I will never work on Sunday.”
A. The secretary promised not to work on Sunday. 
B. The secretary refused not to work on Sunday. 
C. The secretary reminded her boss to work on Sunday.
D. The secretary refused to work on Sunday. 
7. "Joanna, please come to my office immediately," the boss said.
A. The boss invited Joanna to come to his office immediately. 
B. The boss warned Joanna to come to his office immediately. 
C. The boss asked Joanna to come to his office immediately.
D. The boss told Joanna please come to his office immediately. 
8. “Susan, can you remember to photocopy these documents for tomorrow's meeting?" said the line manager. 
A. The line manager advised Susan to photocopy those documents for the meeting tomorrow. 
B. The line manager reminded Susan to photocopy those documents for the meeting the following day. 
C. The line manager invited Susan to photocopy these documents for the meeting the following day. 
D. The line manager reminded Susan to photocopy these documents for the meeting the following day.
9. Thanks to her high grades at university, Barbara is offered the position.
A. If she got high grades at university, Barbara would be offered the position. 
B. It was her high grades at university which offer Barbara the position. 
C. If she hadn't got high grades at university, Barbara would not have been offered the position. 
D. If she had not got high grades at university, Barbara would not be offered the position.
10. Unless you come on time, we will go without you.
A. Come on time or we will go without you. 
B. Come on time, we will go without you. 
C. Because of your punctuality, we will go without you.
D. Without your coming on time, we will go. 
11. They got success in their job interviews since they took my advice.
A. They took my advice, and failed in their job interviews. 
B. If they did not take my advice, they would not get success in their job interviews. 
C. But for taking my advice, they would not have got success in their job interviews.
D. My advice stopped them from getting success in the job interviews. 
Exercise 12. Mark the letter A, B, C. or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions. 
1. People cut down trees for agricultural land. Wild animals have less natural habitat.
A. People cut down trees for agricultural land because wild animals have less natural habitat.
B. People cut down trees for agricultural land, for wild animals have less natural habitat. 
C. Wild animals have less natural habitat, so people cut down trees for agricultural land.
D. Wild animals have less natural habitat because people cut down trees for agricultural land. 
2. The government launches anti-poaching campaigns. Lives of many rare animals are saved. 
A. Unless the government launches anti-poaching campaigns, lives of many rare animals are saved. 
B. If the government launches anti-poaching campaigns, lives of many rare animals are saved. 
C. If lives of many rare animals are saved, the government launches anti-poaching campaigns. 
D. Unless lives of many rare animals are saved, the government launches anti-poaching campaigns. 
3. We don't have to wash the dishes any more. We have just bought a new dishwasher.
A. It is not necessary for us to wash the dishes, even when we have bought a new dishwasher.
B. No longer do we have to wash the dishes because we have just bought a new dishwasher. 
C. The new dishwasher we have just bought needs doing the washing-up.
D. With the help of the new dishwasher, we won't have to do the washing-up very often. 
4. My piano makes unsatisfactory sound. Someone is going to tune it tomorrow 
A. I'm going to have my piano tuned tomorrow due to the unsatisfactory sound it makes. 
B. If my piano makes unsatisfactory sound, someone is going to tune it tomorrow. 
C. My piano makes unsatisfactory sound, so I am going to tune it tomorrow.
D. The piano which makes unsatisfactory sound is going to be tuned tomorrow.
5. Many industries today use highly automated vehicles. They can drive with almost no human intervention. 
A. Although many industries today use many automated vehicles, they can drive without human intervention. 
B. Many industries today use highly automated vehicles which can drive with almost no human intervention. 
C. With almost no human intervention, many industries today can run highly automated vehicles. 
D. When vehicles are highly automated in many industries, humans do not have to intervene in their operation. 
6. He's just so flexible. He'll adapt to any situation. 
A. Flexible as he is, he cannot adapt to any situation. 
B. He's too flexible to adapt to any situation. 
C. He's enough flexible to adapt to any situation.
D. He's so flexible that he'll adapt to any situation. 
7. I find it very challenging. It requires a lot of concentration and determination.
A. I find it very challenging, so it requires a lot of concentration and determination. 
B. I find it very challenging, yet it requires a lot of concentration and determination.
C. I find it very challenging, for it requires a lot of concentration and determination
D. I find it very challenging, though it requires a lot of concentration and determination. 
8. I judge by the car he drives. I'd say he's got a pretty good job.
A. Because I judge by the car he drives, I'd say he's got a pretty good job. 
B. When I judge by the car he drives, I'd say he's got a pretty good job. 
C. Unless I judge by the car he drives, I'd say he's got a pretty good job
D. Judging by the car he drives, I'd say he's got a pretty good job. 
9. You gave us timely warning. We were unaware of the danger.
A. But for your timely warning, we would have been unaware of the danger.
B. Because of your timely warning, we would have been unaware of the danger. 
C. Despite your timely warning, we would have been unaware of the danger.
D. Instead of your timely warning, we would have been unaware of the danger. 
10 I didn't understand his instructions. I asked him to repeat what he had said.
A. I didn't understand his instructions because I asked him to repeat what he had said.
B. I didn't understand his instructions, and I asked him to repeat what he had said.
C. I didn't understand his instructions, for I asked him to repeat what he had said.
D. I didn't understand his instructions, so I asked him to repeat what he had said.